P: Presentation
 

• Present whole language in thematic way
• Text must adequately present the structure in question and structure must be appropriate to language learners’ developmental level
• Presentation should be interactive

A: Attention
 

• Focus language learners’ attention on some aspect of the language used during the presentation activity
• Focus on form w/o needless elaboration or wasted time

C: Co-construct an explanation

• Language learners and teacher should be co-constructors of grammatical explanations (this is different from inductive questioning)
• Teacher helps language learners contrast the structure w/what they know about their own language
• Teacher questions must be well chosen, clear, and direct

E: Extension activity
 

• Focus on form is only useful if language learners can press this knowledge into service later
• Opportunity for language learners to create w/new skill
• Teacher can also address other goal areas here:  cultures, communities, and connections