Theory Name: Information Processing Theory

Authors: George Miller

Associated Learning Theory
Cognitive Learning Theory

Model Description
Information Processing Theory informs ID theory because it prescribes a framework for the development of instruction around chunks of information. The theory is limited in its prescription of methods to attain the instructional goal and is thus not a true ID theory.

Specification of Theory
(a) Goals and preconditions
The first concept is "chunking" and the capacity of short term memory. Miller (1956) presented the idea that short-term memory could only hold 5-9 chunks of information (seven plus or minus two) where a chunk is any meaningful unit. A chunk could refer to digits, words, chess positions, or people's faces. The concept of chunking and the limited capacity of short term memory became a basic element of all subsequent theories of memory.

(b) Principles
1. Short term memory (or attention span) is limited to seven chunks of information.
2. Planning (in the form of TOTE units) is a fundamental cognitive process.
3. Behavior is hierarchically organized

(c) Condition of learning
Provide information in a manner that is consistent with the theories principles.

(d) Required media
None

(e) Role of facilitator
Provide information in a manner that is consistent with the theories principles.

(f) Instructional strategies
1. Memorization in units of seven (plus or minus 2)
2. Test-Operate-Test-Exit

(g) Assessment method
An observable exit test or, through the correctness of the memorized information.

Formative Research & Application
(a) Tested context
(b) Research method
(c) Research description
(d) Resources