LISTENING & READING COMPREHENSION GUIDELINES**
This interactive model for reading and listening has undergone several iterations since it was first published in 1994 (Shrum & Glisan, 1994; p. 120). Thus you may find references on the web to "Model I" and "Model II" so do not be confused. We are using the most recent model that appears in the third edition of the Teacher's Handbook (Shrum & Glisan, 2005, pp. 176-178). Please use this version for your lesson plans. It contains five phases:
A. Preparation: students preview
the text, establish a purpose, predict meaning, activate background knowledge,
preview unfamiliar content, anticipate new vocabulary and text language.
B. Comprehension: students skim
for the gist, scan for specific information; students create
a list of main ideas and match them to sections of text; students match
main ideas to key details.
C. Interpretation: students read/listen/view "between the
lines;" students create visuals of cultural products, practices, perspectives (the 3 Ps);
students ask each other questions about the content of the text; students
share their opinions of and reactions to the text.
D. Application: students create
a written summary of text and/or design an oral/video presentation; students
create a follow-up product such as a letter, advertisement, new beginning
or ending for text, visuals.
E. Extension: students analyze features
of two texts and compare content and organization.
Examples
(Please note: these examples were created with the original two versions of the model and, as such, should be used for guides and ideas but not followed step by step.)
Las madres de la Plaza de Mayo is an example that includes both a listening and reading exercise.
La identificación personal is an example of a listening activity that also incorporates speaking tasks.
El cine is an example of a reading activity that also incorporates speaking tasks.
Chez le dentiste is a French example that uses this model.
Recreation is an example of a reading lesson for use by French or Spanish teachers.